Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons containing multiple-ring structures. They are mainly formed from the incomplete combustion of organic substances. Numerous members of this group have carcinogenic properties and the potential to interfere with hormonal systems and immune responses. (ref. ID; 6708)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are formed in processes such as combustion and production of gas and tar. (ref. ID; 7128)
[Acenaphthalene]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172)
[Acenaphthene] CAS[83-32-9]
= 1,2-Dihydroacenaphthylene
Chemical formula
C12H10
Chemical characteristics
Lipophilicity log P 4.33. (ref. ID; 6959)
Mode of toxic action
Narcotic. (ref. ID; 3327)
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3327)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Acenaphthylene] CAS[208-96-8]
Chemical formula
C12H8
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
[Anthracene] CAS[120-12-7]
Trade name
Anthracene: Carbofost-4, Carbolineum, Carbotex, Carbozyl
Chemical formula
C14H10
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 4.54. (ref. ID; 7027)
Purpose for use
Fungicide, herbicide.
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Anthraquinone] CAS[84-65-1]
Chemical formula
C14H8O2
Mode of toxic action
Electron(nucleo)phile. (ref. ID; 3327)
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3327)
[Benzo[a]anthracene] CAS[56-55-3]
= 1,2-Benzanthracene
Chemical formula
C8H12
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 5.91. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Benzo[a]pyrene] CAS[50-32-8]
= 3,4-Benzpyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene is released into the environment as a by-product of the combustion of fossil fuels and other materials (wood, oil). Primary anthropogenic sources of BaP include exhaust from motor vehicles and other gasoline and diesel engines; coal-, oil-, and wood burning stoves and furnaces; products from petroleum refineries; and cigarette and barbecue smoke. Benzo[a]pyrene is a hydrophobic compound with a moderately large octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow =6.04). On entering aquatic systems, BaP rapidly deposits into the sediment and physically adsorbs on the solid surface or partitions into the organic carbon fraction of the sediment. (ref. ID; 4569)
Chemical formula
C20H11
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.04. (ref. ID; 7027)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea longa (ref. ID; 6137)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 7012)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida andrei (ref. ID; 6908)
Oligochaeta: Ilyodrilus templetoni (ref. ID; 4569, 4990)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 1323, 2172, 2169, 4477)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Benzo[b]fluoranthene] CAS[205-99-2]
= 3,4-Benzofluoranthene
Chemical formula
C20H12
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 5.80. (ref. ID; 7027)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Benzo(b,k)fluoranthene]
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.20. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
[Benzo[e]pyrene] CAS[192-97-2]
= 1,2-Benzpyrene, 4,5-Benzpyrene
Chemical formula
C20H11
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.44. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
[Benzo[ghi]perylene] CAS[191-24-2]
Chemical formula
C22H12
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.50. (ref. ID; 7027)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Benzo[k]fluoranthene] CAS[207-08-9]
Chemical formula
C20H12
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.00. (ref. ID; 7027)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Chrysene] CAS[218-01-9]
= 1,2-Benzophenanthrene
Chemical formula
C18H12
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 5.86. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Dibenz[a,h]anthracene] CAS[53-70-3]
= 1,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene
Chemical formula
C22H14
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Dibenzo[a]anthracene]
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.75. (ref. ID; 7027)
[Dimethylbenzanthracene]
Toxicity
Carcinogens. (ref. ID; 868)
Test organisms
Nematoda: Panagrellus redivivus (ref. ID; 868)
[Fluoranthene] CAS[206-44-0]
= 1,2-Benzacenaphthylene, Benzo[jk]fluorene, Idryl
Chemical formula
C16H10
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 5.22. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Lipophilicity log P 5.33. (ref. ID; 6959)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 4446, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)
[2-Methylfluoranthene]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Fluorene] CAS[86-73-7]
Chemical formula
C13H10
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 4.38. (ref. ID; 6937)
Lipophilicity log P 4.18. (ref. ID; 6959)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora tuberculata (ref. ID; 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Eudrilus eugeniae (ref. ID; 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Perionyx excavatus (ref. ID; 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)
[Indenopyrene]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
[Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene] CAS[193-39-5]
Chemical formula
C22H12
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)
[Naphthalene] CAS[91-20-3]
Trade name
Naphthalene (J)
Chemical formula
C10H8
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 3.35. (ref. ID; 6937)
Lipophilicity log P 3.27. (ref. ID; 6959)
Purpose for use
Insecticide, organic solvent & repellent.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 2200 mg/kg.
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[1-Amino-4-nitronaphthalene] CAS[776-34-1] UN1294
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 1.77. (ref. ID; 449)
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
[Diaminonaphthalene]
= Naphthalenediamine, Naphthylenediamine
Chemical formula
C10H10N2
- Isomer: 1,2- CAS[938-25-0]
- Isomer: 1,3- CAS[24824-28-0]
- Isomer: 1,4- CAS[2243-61-0]
- Isomer: 1,5- CAS[2243-62-1]
- Isomer: 1,6- CAS[2243-63-2]
- Isomer: 1,7- CAS[2243-64-3]
- Isomer: 1,8- CAS[479-27-6]
- Isomer: 2,3- CAS[771-97-1]
- Isomer: 2,6- CAS[2243-67-6]
- Isomer: 2,7- CAS[613-76-3]
1,5-Diaminonaphthalene
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 0.89. (ref. ID; 449)
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
1,8-Diaminonaphthalene
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 1.78. (ref. ID; 449)
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
2,3-Diaminonaphthalene
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 1.54. (ref. ID; 449)
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
[1-Cyanonaphthalene]
= Naphthonitrile CAS[86-53-3] UN3439
Chemical formula
C10H7CN
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 6709)
[Methylnaphthalene]
Chemical formula
C10H7CH3
- Isomer: 1- CAS[90-12-0] UN3082
- Isomer: 2- CAS[91-57-6] UN3077
1-Methylnaphthalene
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 3.87. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
2-Methylnaphthalene
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 4.00. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)
[2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene] CAS[581-42-0]
Chemical formula
C10H6(CH3)2
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 4.31. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
[1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalene]
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 4.70. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
[Dinitronaphthalene]
Chemical formula
C10H6N2O4
- Isomer: 1,3- CAS[606-37-1]
- Isomer: 1,5- CAS[605-71-0]
- Isomer: 1,6- CAS[607-46-5]
- Isomer: 1,8- CAS[602-38-0]
1,3-Dinitronaphthalene
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
1,5-Dinitronaphthalene
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
1,8-Dinitronaphthalene
Test organisms
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)
[Octachloronaphthalene]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 7082)
[Tetrachloronaphthalene]
Chemical formula
C10H4Cl4
- Isomer: 1,2,3,4- CAS[20020-02-4] UN1920
- Isomer: 1,2,5,6-
- Isomer: 1,3,5,7-
- Isomer: 2,3,6,7-
1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene
Chemical characteristics
Log P 5.5. (ref. ID; 507)
Octanol-water partition coefficient log Kow 5.5. (ref. ID; 6961)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 507)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 507)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6961)
[Perylene] CAS[198-55-0]
= Peri-dinaphthalene, = Dibenzo[de, kl]anthracene
Chemical formula
C20H12
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 6.25. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
[Phenanthrene] CAS[85-01-8]
Chemical formula
C14H10
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 4.57. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Phenanthrene is a three-ring aromatic compound, and has a low vapor pressure, low solubility in water (1.29 mg/L, and a high log Kow (4.46). (ref. ID; 7135)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 6928)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 7135)
Oligochaeta: Ilyodrilus templetoni (ref. ID; 4473, 4990)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 2174)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[1-Methylphenanthrene]
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 5.14. (ref. ID; 6937)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
[Pyrene] CAS[129-00-0]
= Benzo[def]phenanthrene
Chemical formula
C16H10
Chemical characteristics
Log Kow 5.18. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Pyrene is a four-ringed PAH. (ref. ID; 7138)
Toxicity
Non-carcinogenic PAH. (ref. ID; 6708)
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 6928)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 7137)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 2174)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2166, 2172, 6829, 6937, 6962, 7138)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6708, 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)
[Floodplain PAH Pollution]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
[Soil PAH Pollution]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6906)